Modulation formats refer to the technique used to encode data onto a carrier signal in a communication system. Various modulation formats are used in different communication systems to transfer data efficiently and accurately. Some common modulation formats include Amplitude Modulation (AM), Frequency Modulation (FM), Phase Modulation (PM), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), and Phase Shift Keying (PSK). Each modulation format has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of modulation format depends on factors such as data rate, bandwidth efficiency, and noise immunity. Researchers study modulation formats to improve communication systems' performance and address emerging challenges in wireless communication technologies.